Splenic flexure cancer: surgical procedures and extent of lymphadenectomy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Splenic flexure colon cancer occurs at a relatively lower rate than colon cancer of other sites. It is also associated with more advanced disease and higher rate of acute obstruction. The splenic flexure receives blood supply from both superior and inferior mesenteric arteries (SMA and IMA), and therefore has lymphatic drainage to both areas. The blood supply is also highly variable, causing difficulties in determining the main feeding vessels and the main direction of lymph drainage. Few studies with limited cases focused on this specific tumor site with respect to the patterns of lymph node spread, especially the main lymph node status and the value of its dissection. The lack of information limits the development of a consensus on the extent of surgical resection and lymphadenectomy. Adequate mobilization of the colon facilitates a sufficient length of bowel resection and the high ligation of feeding arteries from both SMA and IMA. Further evidence on the chnoice of procedures and the extent of lymph node dissection need multicenter collaboration, with the use of modern techniques, including CT 3D reconstruction of the colon and angiography, as well as intraoperative fluorescent real-time imaging of lymph nodes.

Location of inferior mesentery artery ligation in rectal cancer surgery: how to make decisions based on available evidence / 中华胃肠外科杂志

There are still controversies as to the location of ligating the inferior mesenteric artery and the central lymph node dissection during rectal cancer surgery. The reason is that the level of evidence in this area is low. Existing studies are mostly retrospective, analyses or small-sample randomized controlled trials. These results showed no significant differences between high-ligation and low-ligation, in terms of anastomotic leakage and other short-term postoperative complications. Low-ligation seems better for the recovery of postoperative genitourinary function. Due to the low rate of central lymph node metastasis and many other confounding factors that affect the survival rate, it is difficult to conclude the survival benefits of ligation site or central node dissection. It is necessary to carry out some targeted, well-designed, large-scale randomized controlled trials to explain the related issues of inferior mesenteric artery ligation site and extent of central lymphadenectomy.

Controversy and progress on whether to retain left colonic artery in radical resection of rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (JSCCR) guideline 2019 recommended that lymph node dissection for advanced rectal cancer should include the lymphatic adipose tissue at the root of the inferior mesenteric vessels, but the ligation site of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) was not determined, and the NCCN guideline did not indicate clearly whether to retain the left colonic artery (LCA). Controversy over whether to retain LCA is no more than whether it can reduce the incidence of anastomotic complications or postoperative functional damage without affecting the patients' oncological outcome. Focusing on the above problems, this paper reviews the latest research progress. In conclusion, it is believed that the advantages of retaining LCA are supported by most studies, which can improve the blood supply of the proximal anastomosis, and technically can achieve the same range of lymph node dissection as IMA high ligation. However, whether it affects the survival of patients, reduces the incidence of anastomotic leakage, and improves the quality of life of patients, more high-quality evidence-based medical evidence is still needed.

Oclusão aterosclerótica da aorta abdominal com fluxo arterial para os membros inferiores mantido pela artéria mesentérica inferior - relato de caso / Aterosclerotic oclusion of the abdominal aorta with arterial flow to the inferior limbs mantained by the inferior mesenteric artery -case report

Objetivo: relatar o caso de um paciente portador de oclusão aterosclerótica da aorta abdominal cuja vascularização dos membros inferiores era mantida por colaterais mesentéricas com reenchimento retrógrado da aorta distal. Método: as informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão do prontuário, entrevista com o paciente, registro fotográfico dos métodos diagnósticos aos quais o paciente foi submetido e revisão da literatura. Considerações finais: o caso relatado e publicações levantadas trazem à luz a discussão da terapêutica de uma situação complexa que é a doença oclusiva aortoilíaca e evidenciam que, embora adotada em uma minoria de casos, quando bem executada e em pacientes adequadamente selecionados, a endarterectomia aórtica é capaz de obter resultados satisfatórios e duradouros no que diz respeito ao alívio sintomático e melhoria da qualidade de vida.

Aim: to report the case of a patient with atherosclerotic occlusion of the abdominal aorta with the arterial flow to lhe inferior limbs maintained by mesenteric collaterals with retrograde peifusion ofthe distal aorta. Method: the necessary data was obtained by medical chart review, interview with the patient, photographic register of the image diagnose exams that were performed and literature review. Final comments: the case reported and reviewed data put onfocllS the old malter about the management of a complex situation that is the aortoiliac occlusive disease and show that even! thought choused in a minority of cases, when well executed and on properly selected patients, the aortic endarterectomy is capable to provide satisfactory and long-term results on symptoms reliving and quality of life improvement.

A vascularizaçäo arterial do cólon terminal (anatomia cirúrgica da artéria mesentérica inferior) / The arterial vascular supply of the terminal colon (surgical anatomy of the inferior mesenteric artery)

Recorda, o autor, a evoluçäo dos conhecimentos em torno da vascularizaçäo do cólon sigmoide e recto, aplicada à cirurgia desse segmento intestinal. Menciona as primeiras operaçöes de amputaçäo abdómino-perineal do recto e ressecçöes cólicas com anastomose das extremidades intestinais e os primeiros estudos em torno do problema cirúrgicoda vascularizaçäo, feito por SUDECK e ARCHIBALD, em 1908. Após a revisäo dos trabalhos básicos, no assunto, menciona os autores nacionais que têm se interessado pelo estudo da vascularizaçäo do cólon termina, através da contribuiçäo anatômica ou cirúrgica à literatura médica nacional. Descreve a distribuiçäo e as variedades dos ramos da artéria mesentérica inferior. Apresenta o resultado de suas observaçöes, feitas em 100 indivíduos, pós-mortem, relacionando o comprimento do cólon terminal e o número das artérias sigmóideas. Baseado na observaçäo pessoal, apresenta uma classificaçäo e variaçöes das artérias sigmoideas, segundo o número e origem das mesmas, excluídas aquelas que, por suas características especiais possam ser consideradas como anomalias. Descreve a variedade de tipos das artérias sigmoideas, passando depois aos ramos terminais representados nas hemorroidárias superiores e às arcadas marginais. Faz, depois, um estudo da artéria sigmoidea ima e de seu valor anatomo-cirúrgico, esclarecendo e apoiando as razöes que levaram GREGOIRE a substituir a noçäo do "ponto crítico de Sudeck" pela de "zona crítica". O trabalho é ilustrado com vários esquemas e desenhos anatômicos, e acompanhado de vasta bibliografia